The Culture of Cola: Social and Economic Aspects of a West African Domesticate :: Botany

The Culture of Cola: Social and Economic Aspects of a West African Domesticate The territory of study known as financial herbal science is a wide-going one, however is frequently worried about the connection among people and the plants they use for food and medication and crude materials for safe house, devices and other material needs. Less frequently referenced, despite the fact that not so much disregarded, are those plants that might be seen fundamentally as being of more subtle and direct material advantage to the individuals who use them. The nut of the cola tree gives a case of such a plant item, one of constrained dietary or material use, yet being of extraordinary social significance. Among the different societies utilizing it, the cola nut assumes significant social jobs in essentially every part of life, from birth to death. The cola tree has a place with the Sterculiaceae family and is indigenous to West Africa, particularly the countries of Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Nigeria, however is discovered eastbound to Gabon and the Congo River Basin. The family Cola is included around forty species, yet the most normally utilized are Cola verticillata, C. anomala and C. nitida, with the last two being of the best monetary significance (Lovejoy, 1980). Cola is identified with the cacao tree, however is taller (up to 30-40 feet), and has smooth bark with longitudinal breaks and thick foliage with enormous, rough oblongate leaves exchange on huge petioles. It has little cup-formed blossoms borne in groups on short pedicels in the leaf axils. Both male and bisexual blossoms are found, despite the fact that the last are practically female since the anthers are not dust shedding. The organic products are borne on youthful branches and structure a star-molded group of units, as a rule numbering five, with every follicle bearing 4-10 chestnut-sized seeds. C. nitida is dicotyledonous, while C. acuminata has multiple cotyledons, and may have at least six (McIlroy, 1963). Generally, the nut is utilized as a masticatory in a way like that of betel-nut. Its prominence is because of the a lot of caffeine and littler measures of theobromine, kolatin and glucose it contains, all of which go about as energizers and might be somewhat addictive (Lovejoy, 1980). Its energizer impact likewise makes it valuable as a hunger suppressant, and it was frequently utilized as iron proportions for armed forces on the walk, permitting huge separations to be voyage while conveying at least food (Sundstrom, 1966).

Catherine A. Lutz - Unnatural Emotions Essays -- essays research paper

†Yes, it’s just Reservation Blues however I like it:† On the Connection among Christian and Native Religions One of the most fascinating parts of the anthropological investigation of Catherine A. Lutz, entitled Unnatural Emotions, is that the creator applies a similar kind of extraordinary self-assessment to her own venture as an anthropologist among the Ifaluk as she does to the Ifaluk themselves. Each person eventually in their own life has been gone up against with the astonishment, all things considered, that somebody appears to be ‘exactly similar to me.’ Or, on the other hand, one is stunned how another human creature, having generally the equivalent physical properties of one’s family and species as one’s self, could act in such an unpleasant/awesome style, absolutely ‘unlike me.’ Catherine Lutz recommends that these last minutes come, not all that regularly when an individual is the nearness of somebody the person sees as completely outsider, however when an individual is within the sight of somebody the individual in question has come to view as recognizable, who out of nowhere amazes the person in question. Lutz didn't encounter her own interior astonishments, as a rule, when she was starting to be accustomed to Ifaluk cultureâ€everything appeared to be odd to her anthropological eyes, throughout her underlying experiences. Notwithstanding, after she started to imagine that these individuals were more similar to her than she at first however, as such, when she felt that she could anticipate their reactions to a limited degree, in light of her previous social suppositions and modalities, at that point she when she was shocked at their disparities. A peruser of Sherman Alexie’s tale Reservation Blues enters the content with comparable suspicions of Native American life, except if obviously, the person is of that specific network. On the off chance that the person isn't, in any case, there is the probability that the ‘typical’ peruser has pictures of Native Americans dependent on since a long time ago held social generalizations of the Lone Ranger’s Tonto and Kevin Costner’s â€Å"Dances With Wolves,† conceivably reprimanded with some constructive, familiar pictures of the First Thanksgiving too. Be that as it may, Alexie’s exposition compels one to catch Native American life once more, and to consider Native To be as completely fledged individual characters, with needs and needs and wants, not as the individuals who are essentially apathetic and ‘other.’ To put it plainly, Alexie powers the peruser to consider Native To be as awesome wannabees. What could be ea... ...ith how genuine Native Americans experience their (regularly aggregately, innately based) religion by any means. At for all intents and purposes each store the country over, one can purchase ‘Native’ dream catchers, or bogus, marketed perspectives on Native otherworldliness that endeavor to offer a relief from probably sterile Christianity. The associations of awesome to this view in mainstream society is exemplified in â€Å"The Doors† where exciting music legend Jim Morrison endures a shot of corrosive under the management of an insightful manâ€the corrosive and the Indian culture ‘free his mind.’ Be that as it may, the otherworldly collectivity that Natives partner with their religion doesn't free them, nor is the Christianity experienced on Native American reservations equivalent with ‘our’ forms of it, outside of the booking. In unloading these suspicions, the peruser is compelled to rise up out of the content not just with a superior comprehension of Checkers, however with a superior comprehension of the adaptability of confidence and its versatility to individual just as network needs in different settings. Works Cited Alexie, Sherman. Reservation Blues. Warner Books, 1996. Lutz, Catherine A. Unnatural Emotions. College of Chicago Press, 1998.

Simple Al-Anon Meeting Topics

Simple Al-Anon Meeting Topics Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Print Al-Anon Meeting Topic: Keep it Simple The Program Itself Is Simple, Not Easy By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on May 24, 2018 Glow Wellness / Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use To me the entire Al-Anon program keeps it simple. I mean, thats what Al-Anon did for me -- make things seems so much more simple than I was making them. I thought I was in this situation that nobody had ever been in before. I thought I was unique. They told me at my first meeting, If you keep coming back, you will hear somebody else tell your story. I smiled and said, thank you, but inside I was thinking, Yeah, right! He Told My Story The next night there was a Beginners group that was recommended. So, I went and wow! Nothing like the first meeting with only seven people. There were 45 people there! I wanted to find a place to hide in the back But they were all sitting in a big circle. I was too intimidated to say anything, so I shut up and listened for a change. Toward the end of the meeting, a guy raised his hand and started sharing and told my story! I thought we were married to the same alcoholic. He said that Al-Anon had given him the tools to use to keep it simple. The slogans, which sound so simplistic, but really put the principles of the program into easy to remember terms like Mind Your Own Business and How Important Is it? Using the Tools of the Program The Serenity Prayer also gets it down to simple terms: God, grant me the serenityTo accept the things I cannon change,The courage to change the things I canAnd the wisdom to know the difference Can I change this situation or not? Is it my job to change it? Or is it my job just to accept it? Needless to say, when he got through sharing I was hooked on Al-Anon. He made it seem so simple and there was a reason for that. Because when you get right down to it, it is simple - its just not always easy. Keeping Decisions as Simple as Possible Over the years, as I put the principles of the Al-Anon program to work in my life, I found that what it helped me do most was keep things simple. When I have a decision to make, it comes down to a simple question, is it good for me or is it not? The same with relationships. When I have the opportunity to enter into a new relationship, be they social or business-related, I try to keep it simple. Is this relationship going to be healthy for me, or is it unhealthy? Its amazing how uncomplicated choices can be when you break them down to their simplest form. Making Sense of the Insanity It took me many, many weeks to ever speak up in that big beginners meeting even though I was already chairing some of the other meetings I attended. When I finally got up the nerve to speak in that beginners meeting it was because I had gotten to the point where I wanted to share something that would keep it simple for the next newcomer - to try to help them make some sense out of the whole confusing mess. Just as somebody did for me when I first came in. -- BuddyT

Communication Strategy in Pastoral Counseling - 2804 Words

CS in PC 1 Communication Strategy; Use in Pastoral Counseling Rosa Menchen COMM 200 Instructor B. Matts May 24, 2010 CT in PC 2 I not only plan on furthering my career, but attending post graduate school, and obtain a MDiv. My ultimate goal is to become a health care chaplain, and/or an emergency chaplain. Having previous experience in the health care field, as well as a chaplaincy in the American Legion for several years, I have found that pursuit of this goal would not only be of benefit for me, and my family, but also for the people I will eventually have contact with. All too often I have found that people from all walks of life have faced tremendous trials at the least expected times. During these times of†¦show more content†¦This is also the type of listening used to obtain directions such as specific instructions, (Hybels Weaver, 2007). The next type of listening is critical listening. This is the type of listening required to asses facts and distinguish them from opinions. This seems to be the primary type of listening used in the initial assessment of a client’s needs. The initial motive behind a person’s complaints or problems must be determined and separated from any emotional aspect of a situation. The true meaning of a person’s problem or complaint must be challenged and questioned until an actual baseline is achieved. The revelation of truth is a primary goal in counseling, as it must come first before any plan of action can be made, (Hybels Weaver, 2007), (Collins, 2007), (DeLashmunt, Glover Patch, 2010). The truth involves not just the client’s situation, but the actual view of the counselor. The counselor must be aware of the truth of his/her own belief systems, prejudices, and objectivity, or lack thereof. Only then can a counselor be effective, (DeLashmut, Glover Patch, 2010). I believe that the most important type of listening is empathetic listening. This style of listening is characterized by identifying with the storyteller, as they tell their story, identifying with the emotional responses of the storyteller, listening attentively to the story and then paraphrasing the CT in PC 5 emotion or thoughts of the story teller to insureShow MoreRelatedGoal 1 : Effective Practice Of Communication888 Words   |  4 PagesGoal 1: Effective Practice of Communication Description: My goals for the practicum, first are to develop the ministerial skills that will allow me the opportunity to practice effectively as a healthcare chaplain. Second my goal is to effectively communicate with my patients and their family members, or significant others. Third my desire is to experience and develop a professional collegiality which will enable me to undergo a spiritual transformation. Objective 1: Observation: January 11,Read MoreFinal Project Essay7836 Words   |  32 PagesSOLUTION-BLESSED BRIEF PASTORAL COUNSELING PROJECT by Amy Tahran L22263350 Presented to John Hobbs, In partial fulfillment of the requirements for PACO 500 Introduction to Pastoral Counseling Liberty Theological Seminary Lynchburg, VA 12 August 2011 ABSTRACT For this project, I am placing myself in a hypothetical context as a staff pastoral counselor at my home church in Valley City, ND, serving a congregation of approximately 200. I have chosen as my overarching goal forRead MoreEssay on Short Term Pastoral Counseling Final15227 Words   |  61 PagesSolution-Based, Short-Term Pastoral Counsleing Final Project By Mike Garner Presented to Dr. Robyn Simmons In partial fulfillment of the requirements of Introduction to Pastoral Counseling PACO 500 Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Lynchburg, VA March 3, 2013 Abstract My future ministry will be as Co-Pastor of a medium sized Community Church in Lewisville, Texas. Each Sunday the church will have approximately 240 in attendance of Sunday morning worship service. My overarchingRead MoreToward Intentional Interviewing and Counseling1652 Words   |  7 PagesInterviewing and Counseling INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS THE â€Å"CORRECT† RESPONSE TO OFFER A CLIENT? * There are many potentially useful responses in any interviewing situation. * Reflecting the client’s emotions can be helpful. * Selecting one aspect to focus on can be useful, and then later you can examine other dimensions by asking an open question. * Our tasks: * Respect the client * Use appropriate skills and strategies * Seek to alleviate stress INTERVIEWING, COUNSELING, AND PSYCHOTHERAPYRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Family Therapy1629 Words   |  7 Pagessociocultural influences on the problems of communication. This research includes twelve resources on authors with the following annotations: Delineation of the main focus or purpose of each author s work; Background and credibility of each author; Intended audience for the work; Any unique feature of the work; Theoretical understandings; Family therapy strategies or techniques; and a Conclusion or observations presented in the work. Communication in cultural diversity is one very importantRead MoreEmployee Counselor Leadership Competency Model1211 Words   |  5 Pagespersonal problems can have a â€Å"domino effect† as difficulties experienced by troubled co-workers, eventually have a negative impact on the organization. This discussion will also define counseling, understanding when to counsel, the basic counseling skills, interpretation and responding. It will also discuss counseling leadership and its competencies. Workers from the beginning of their jobs, always consider if management values their opinion. When management who do not appear to valueRead MorePACO 500 Identity And Ethics LAT 2 Revised Essay3666 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿ PASTORAL COUNSELOR’S IDENTITY AND ETHICS PAPER Lisa A. Thomas Liberty University CONTENTS Abstract 2 Paradigm for Identity and Ethical Boundaries†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Potential for Professional Partnerships ...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 An Organizations Ethical Guidelines †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Pre-Counseling Package†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10 References 10 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Rubric†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreCase Analysis : Crisis Counseling2024 Words   |  9 PagesTo be honest, I have had no formal training in counseling. In fact, because of an unproductive experience in a psychology class in college, I have not been looking forward to attending class. I was content with just using common sense, and personal experiences to assist parishioners in coping with specific situations affecting their lives. I knew God had prepared me for my job as pastor, but when I read Webb’s book, â€Å"Crisis Counseling in the Congregation†, I realized that this book would proveRead MoreFactors Affecting Students in Terms of Comprehension and Literature1495 Words   |  6 Pagesexperience the kind of challenges issued by life. Existential Therapy provides an opportunity to explore the world including the dreams, fantasies and spiritual dimensions of our existence. Talking about it helps to identify dilemmas, develop a strategy to deal with them and then grow from the experience. Irvin David Yalom,  M.D.  (born June 13, 1931), is an American  existential  psychiatrist  who is Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry at  Stanford University, as well as author of both fiction and nonfictionRead MoreEssay on Working Manual for Counselors and Pastors1965 Words   |  8 PagesPREFACE The Code of Ethics is envisioned to edify the body of Christ and is intended to be a living Pastoral tool that helps shape our character as we confer with help-seekers in their life destiny with Christ Jesus-the living Head of the Church. This book is for professional people helpers like Counselors, Guidance counselors, Christian School psychologists, Pastoral Counselors, Pastoral care givers, NursesPastors, youth pastors, Deacons, Elders- and other professionals who interact/ intervene

Katharine Graham Newspaper Publisher, Watergate Figure

Known for:  Katharine Graham (June 16, 1917 - July 17, 2001) was one of the most powerful women in America through her ownership of the Washington Post. She is  known for her role in the Posts disclosures during the Watergate scandal Early Years Katharine Graham was born in 1917 as Katharine Meyer. Her mother, Agnes Ernst Meyer, was an educator and her father, Eugene Meyer, was a publisher. She was raised in New York and Washington, DC. She studied at The Madeira School, then Vassar College.   She finished up her study at the University of Chicago. Washington Post Eugene Meyer purchased The Washington Post in 1933 when it was in bankruptcy.   Katharine Meyer began working for the Post five years later, editing letters.   She married Philip Graham in June, 1940.   He was a Supreme Court clerk working for Felix Frankfurter, and was a graduate of Harvard Law School. In 1945 Katherine Graham left the Post to raise her family.   They had a daughter and three sons. In 1946,  Philip Graham became publisher of the Post and bought out Eugene Meyers voting stock. Katherine Graham later reflected on being troubled that her father had given his son-in-law, and not his daughter, control of the paper. During this time the Washington Post Company also acquired the Times-Herald and Newsweek magazine. Philip Graham was also involved in politics, and helped talk John F. Kennedy into taking Lyndon B. Johnson as his vice presidential running mate in 1960.   Philip struggled with alcoholism and depression. Inheriting Control of the Post In 1963, Philip Graham committed suicide.  Katharine Graham assumed control of the Washington Post Company, surprising many by her success when she had no experience. From 1969 to 1979 she was also publisher of the newspaper.   She did not marry again. Pentagon Papers Under Katharine Grahams leadership, The Washington Post became known for its hard-hitting investigations, including the publication of the secret Pentagon Papers against the advice of lawyers and against government directives. The Pentagon Papers were government documents about the Vietnam involvement of the United States, and the government did not want them released.   Graham decided it was a First Amendment issue. This led to a landmark Supreme Court decision. Katharine Graham and Watergate The next year, the Posts reporters, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, investigated White House corruption in what was known as the Watergate scandal. Between the Pentagon Papers and Watergate, Graham and the newspaper are sometimes credited with bringing about the fall of Richard Nixon, who resigned in the wake of the Watergate revelations.   The Post received a Pulitzer Prize for meritorious public service for their its role in the Watergate investigations. Post-Watergate From 1973 to 1991 Katharine Graham, known to many as Kay, was board chairman and chief executive officer of the Washington  Post Company. She remained Chairman of the Executive Committee until her death.   In 1975, she opposed union demands from workers at the press, and hired workers to replace them, breaking the union. In 1997, Katharine Graham published her memoirs as  Personal History. The book was lauded for its honest portrayal of her husbands mental illness. She was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1998 for this autobiography. Katharine Graham was injured in a fall in Idaho in June of  2001 and died of her head injury on July 17 of that year. She certainly was, in the words of an ABC newscast, one of the twentieth centurys most powerful and interesting women. Also known as:  Kay Graham, Katharine Meyer, Katharine Meyer Graham, sometimes erroneously spelled Katherine Graham Selected Katharine Graham Quotations †¢ To love what you do and feel that it matters — how could anything be more fun? †¢ So few grown women like their lives. (1974) †¢ The thing women must do to rise to power is to redefine their femininity. Once, power was considered a masculine attribute. In fact power has no sex. †¢ If one is rich and ones a woman, one can be quite misunderstood. †¢ Some questions dont have answers, which is a terribly difficult lesson to learn. †¢ We live in a dirty and dangerous world. There are some things the general public does not need to know, and shouldnt. I believe democracy flourishes when the government can take legitimate steps to keep its secrets and when the press can decide whether to print what it knows. (1988) †¢ If we had failed to pursue the facts as far as they led, we would have denied the public any knowledge of an unprecedented scheme of political surveillance and sabotage.  (on Watergate) Also known as:  Kay Graham, Katharine Meyer, Katharine Meyer Graham, sometimes erroneously spelled Katherine Graham

Apush Dbq †1 Free Essays

Shaina Fober Although political divisions first emerged over domestic issues, they deepened during a series of crises over foreign policy that reopened the troublesome issue of America’s relationship with Great Britain. Domestic and foreign policy were, however, never entirely separate, since decisions in one area frequently carried implications for the other. Foreign and domestic policy (1789-1803) spans from the foreign affairs of Washington, to Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase. We will write a custom essay sample on Apush Dbq – 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Between these times is the Election of 1796, Adams’s administration, concerning a variety of perspectives of historical figures n financial policies and foreign countries, such as the Alien Act and Louisiana Purchase Treaty, were all in relation to the restrictions and powers of the United States Constitution. Under the term of Washington, there were many affairs to deal with, mainly foreign. Hamilton saw much to admire in Britain, and when Britain was so burdened with debt that it seemed on the verge of bankruptcy, his reforms restored his country’s financial health. The success of Hamilton’s financial program, moreover, depended on smooth relations with Britain: duties on imports provided a major source of federal evenue, and most American imports came from Britain. Hamilton did not believe in returning the Americans to British rule; he had, after all, fought for independence as an officer of the Continental army. Nor did he seek to establish a monarchy in the United States. But he thought a friendly relationship with the onetime mother country would best serve American interests. In contrast, Jefferson remained deeply hostile to Britain, and his Anglophobia played a central role in his growing opposition to Hamilton. The treasury secretary’s method of finance, with a bank and large funded debt, seemed, as in art it was, based on a British model, one that to Jefferson was dangerous because it allowed abundant opportunity for corruption. For example, Jefferson stated, â€Å"The incorporation of a bank, and the powers assumed by this bill, have not, in my opinion, been delegated to the United States, by the Constitution. † (Document C). Jefferson was also deeply loyal to France, the Americans’ old ally in the War for Independence. While serving as minister to France during the 1780’s, Jefferson had witnessed the beginnings of the French Revolution, which in his opinion only tightened the bond between France nd A merica, whose Revolution, he thought, had inspired the French. These differences widened as issues in foreign policy came to dominate Washington’s administration, and they gradually marked a division. In 1790, Britain and Spain seemed likely to go to war; then Britain seemed headed for the war with France that finally broke out in 1793. Jefferson argued that Britain’s situation gave the United States an opportunity to secure concessions in return for American neutrality. The British had never evacuated their posts in the Northwest, and westerners suspected the British of sing those bases to provoke Indian attacks on the American frontier. But on April 22, 1793, Washington, influenced by Hamilton, who desperately wanted to avoid any altercation with Britain, issued a proclamation that essentially announced American neutrality without even trying to secure any concessions in return. A few months later, Jefferson submitted his resignation as secretary of state, which took effect at the end of the year. Since the Farewell Address was understood as Washington’s parting advice to his country, it was widely read and remains one of the most frequently reprinted documents n American history. It was a moving document, beginning with expressions of the sixty- four-year-old Washington’s gratitude to his â€Å"beloved country† for the honors and confidence it had invested in him and a reference to â€Å"the increasing weight of years† that admonished him â€Å"more and more, that the gloom of retirement is as necessary to me as it is welcome. † Then the president offered advice, based on â€Å"much reflection,† that might â€Å"contribute to the permanency of your felicity as a People. † He urged his countrymen to support the public credit, to â€Å"observe good faith and justice towards all Nations† while voiding permanent alliances with any, and to disdain â€Å"over-grown Military establishments,â₠¬  which were always â€Å"inauspicious to liberty. † But the thrust of his message concerned the country’s political divisions. However, it seems strange in retrospect, that the Adams administration had a president from one party (Federalist) and vice-president from another (Republican). But Adams and Jefferson had been allies in the struggle for independence and, in the 1780’s, deepened their bonds while serving together as diplomats in Europe. Most important, problems with France remained pressing. After hearing about Jay’s Treaty, the French, who began seizing American ships bound for England, would not recognize the neutral rights of American ships and in December 1796 refused to accept the new American minister to France. As the war fever grew, Adams fell into Washington’s old position, regarding critics of his government as rebellious people who put their confidence in France rather than their own government. Federalists in Congress went further, passing a series of laws for the suppression of the Republicans. Three Alien Acts, passed in June and July of 798, moved against immigrants, who were often members of the Republican Party. The first, an Alien Enemies Act that allowed the president to arrest or banish enemy aliens, would rake effect only if war was declared. Another Alien Act allowed the president to deport any foreigners he considered dangerous to the public peace and safety, and a Naturalization Act increased the time of residence before immigrants c ould become Citizens, and therefore acquire voting rights. The Alien Act also stated that, â€Å"†¦whenever there shall be a declared war between the United States, by any foreign ation or government, or any invasion or predatory incursion shall be perpetrated, attempted, or threatened against the territory of the United States, by any foreign government, and the President of the United States shall make public proclamation of the event†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Document E). As America’s population grew and increasing numbers of white settlers looked westward for affordable land, events were unfolding that would dramatically change the map of America and influence the nation’s political, economic, and social development for much of the nineteenth century. At issue was the so-called Louisiana Territory, an enormous area that stretched from the Mississippi River in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West and north to Canada. Like most Americans, Jefferson harbored the belief that Louisiana would some day belong to the United States. It was thought that control of Louisiana, long considered a natural extension of the United States, loomed critical in defending the country’s expanding frontier against Indian raids and foreign adventurers as well as serving as a valuable source of raw materials, most notable the worthwhile western fur trade. Most important, in Jefferson’s view, the Louisiana Territory would be America’s ultimate safety valve: a seemingly limitless territory to which Indians could be removed ahead of white settlement and, above all, a place where landless immigrants from the East might move to carry on the American tradition that he deemed so essential to the well-being of the Republic. The Louisiana Purchase Treaty, also came out of this purchase. Which was a positive boost to the relationship between the United States and France, because as stated, â€Å" The First Consul of the French Republic desiring to give to the United a strong proof of his friendship doth hereby cede to the United States in the name of the French Republic†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Document F). Altogether, a new American nation emerged solely on these incidences in history. They helped pave the way for future and current political parties, and influenced their beliefs in domestic and foreign issues. Though these perspectives are represented on a wide scale, they are related in that all Americans seek perfection whether it is concerning domestic and foreign policies, and how that relation is always connected to our supreme United States Constitution. How to cite Apush Dbq – 1, Papers

Frida Kahlo Quotes Essay Example For Students

Frida Kahlo Quotes Essay I love you more than my own skin.Feet, what do I need you for when I have wings to fly?I am my own muse, the subject I know best.I never paint dreams or nightmares. I paint my own reality.Since my subjects have always been my sensations, my states of mind and the profound reactions that life has been producing in me, I have frequently objectified all this in figures of myself, which were the most sincere and real thing that I could do in order to express what I felt inside and outside of myself.I paint flowers so they will not die.I paint my own reality. The only thing I know is that I paint because I need to, and I paint whatever passes through my head without any other consideration.I leave you my portrait so that you will have my presence all the days and nights that I am away from you.I tried to drown my sorrows, but the bastards learned how to swim, and now I am overwhelmed by this decent and good feeling.The most important part of the body is the brain. Of my face, I like the eyebrows and eyes. Aside from that, I like nothing. My head is too small.I am in agreement with everything my father taught me and nothing my mother taught me.