Apush Dbq †1 Free Essays

Shaina Fober Although political divisions first emerged over domestic issues, they deepened during a series of crises over foreign policy that reopened the troublesome issue of America’s relationship with Great Britain. Domestic and foreign policy were, however, never entirely separate, since decisions in one area frequently carried implications for the other. Foreign and domestic policy (1789-1803) spans from the foreign affairs of Washington, to Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase. We will write a custom essay sample on Apush Dbq – 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Between these times is the Election of 1796, Adams’s administration, concerning a variety of perspectives of historical figures n financial policies and foreign countries, such as the Alien Act and Louisiana Purchase Treaty, were all in relation to the restrictions and powers of the United States Constitution. Under the term of Washington, there were many affairs to deal with, mainly foreign. Hamilton saw much to admire in Britain, and when Britain was so burdened with debt that it seemed on the verge of bankruptcy, his reforms restored his country’s financial health. The success of Hamilton’s financial program, moreover, depended on smooth relations with Britain: duties on imports provided a major source of federal evenue, and most American imports came from Britain. Hamilton did not believe in returning the Americans to British rule; he had, after all, fought for independence as an officer of the Continental army. Nor did he seek to establish a monarchy in the United States. But he thought a friendly relationship with the onetime mother country would best serve American interests. In contrast, Jefferson remained deeply hostile to Britain, and his Anglophobia played a central role in his growing opposition to Hamilton. The treasury secretary’s method of finance, with a bank and large funded debt, seemed, as in art it was, based on a British model, one that to Jefferson was dangerous because it allowed abundant opportunity for corruption. For example, Jefferson stated, â€Å"The incorporation of a bank, and the powers assumed by this bill, have not, in my opinion, been delegated to the United States, by the Constitution. † (Document C). Jefferson was also deeply loyal to France, the Americans’ old ally in the War for Independence. While serving as minister to France during the 1780’s, Jefferson had witnessed the beginnings of the French Revolution, which in his opinion only tightened the bond between France nd A merica, whose Revolution, he thought, had inspired the French. These differences widened as issues in foreign policy came to dominate Washington’s administration, and they gradually marked a division. In 1790, Britain and Spain seemed likely to go to war; then Britain seemed headed for the war with France that finally broke out in 1793. Jefferson argued that Britain’s situation gave the United States an opportunity to secure concessions in return for American neutrality. The British had never evacuated their posts in the Northwest, and westerners suspected the British of sing those bases to provoke Indian attacks on the American frontier. But on April 22, 1793, Washington, influenced by Hamilton, who desperately wanted to avoid any altercation with Britain, issued a proclamation that essentially announced American neutrality without even trying to secure any concessions in return. A few months later, Jefferson submitted his resignation as secretary of state, which took effect at the end of the year. Since the Farewell Address was understood as Washington’s parting advice to his country, it was widely read and remains one of the most frequently reprinted documents n American history. It was a moving document, beginning with expressions of the sixty- four-year-old Washington’s gratitude to his â€Å"beloved country† for the honors and confidence it had invested in him and a reference to â€Å"the increasing weight of years† that admonished him â€Å"more and more, that the gloom of retirement is as necessary to me as it is welcome. † Then the president offered advice, based on â€Å"much reflection,† that might â€Å"contribute to the permanency of your felicity as a People. † He urged his countrymen to support the public credit, to â€Å"observe good faith and justice towards all Nations† while voiding permanent alliances with any, and to disdain â€Å"over-grown Military establishments,â₠¬  which were always â€Å"inauspicious to liberty. † But the thrust of his message concerned the country’s political divisions. However, it seems strange in retrospect, that the Adams administration had a president from one party (Federalist) and vice-president from another (Republican). But Adams and Jefferson had been allies in the struggle for independence and, in the 1780’s, deepened their bonds while serving together as diplomats in Europe. Most important, problems with France remained pressing. After hearing about Jay’s Treaty, the French, who began seizing American ships bound for England, would not recognize the neutral rights of American ships and in December 1796 refused to accept the new American minister to France. As the war fever grew, Adams fell into Washington’s old position, regarding critics of his government as rebellious people who put their confidence in France rather than their own government. Federalists in Congress went further, passing a series of laws for the suppression of the Republicans. Three Alien Acts, passed in June and July of 798, moved against immigrants, who were often members of the Republican Party. The first, an Alien Enemies Act that allowed the president to arrest or banish enemy aliens, would rake effect only if war was declared. Another Alien Act allowed the president to deport any foreigners he considered dangerous to the public peace and safety, and a Naturalization Act increased the time of residence before immigrants c ould become Citizens, and therefore acquire voting rights. The Alien Act also stated that, â€Å"†¦whenever there shall be a declared war between the United States, by any foreign ation or government, or any invasion or predatory incursion shall be perpetrated, attempted, or threatened against the territory of the United States, by any foreign government, and the President of the United States shall make public proclamation of the event†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Document E). As America’s population grew and increasing numbers of white settlers looked westward for affordable land, events were unfolding that would dramatically change the map of America and influence the nation’s political, economic, and social development for much of the nineteenth century. At issue was the so-called Louisiana Territory, an enormous area that stretched from the Mississippi River in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West and north to Canada. Like most Americans, Jefferson harbored the belief that Louisiana would some day belong to the United States. It was thought that control of Louisiana, long considered a natural extension of the United States, loomed critical in defending the country’s expanding frontier against Indian raids and foreign adventurers as well as serving as a valuable source of raw materials, most notable the worthwhile western fur trade. Most important, in Jefferson’s view, the Louisiana Territory would be America’s ultimate safety valve: a seemingly limitless territory to which Indians could be removed ahead of white settlement and, above all, a place where landless immigrants from the East might move to carry on the American tradition that he deemed so essential to the well-being of the Republic. The Louisiana Purchase Treaty, also came out of this purchase. Which was a positive boost to the relationship between the United States and France, because as stated, â€Å" The First Consul of the French Republic desiring to give to the United a strong proof of his friendship doth hereby cede to the United States in the name of the French Republic†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Document F). Altogether, a new American nation emerged solely on these incidences in history. They helped pave the way for future and current political parties, and influenced their beliefs in domestic and foreign issues. Though these perspectives are represented on a wide scale, they are related in that all Americans seek perfection whether it is concerning domestic and foreign policies, and how that relation is always connected to our supreme United States Constitution. How to cite Apush Dbq – 1, Papers

Frida Kahlo Quotes Essay Example For Students

Frida Kahlo Quotes Essay I love you more than my own skin.Feet, what do I need you for when I have wings to fly?I am my own muse, the subject I know best.I never paint dreams or nightmares. I paint my own reality.Since my subjects have always been my sensations, my states of mind and the profound reactions that life has been producing in me, I have frequently objectified all this in figures of myself, which were the most sincere and real thing that I could do in order to express what I felt inside and outside of myself.I paint flowers so they will not die.I paint my own reality. The only thing I know is that I paint because I need to, and I paint whatever passes through my head without any other consideration.I leave you my portrait so that you will have my presence all the days and nights that I am away from you.I tried to drown my sorrows, but the bastards learned how to swim, and now I am overwhelmed by this decent and good feeling.The most important part of the body is the brain. Of my face, I like the eyebrows and eyes. Aside from that, I like nothing. My head is too small.I am in agreement with everything my father taught me and nothing my mother taught me.

Best Websites to Learn English

Best Websites to Learn English Best Websites to Learn English Best Websites to Learn English By Sharon Whether you are learning English as a second language or trying to polish your already adequate grammar and style skills, the seven websites below can help. 1. Memrise Memrise is an online flashcard website where people can upload their own flashcard stacks. You can find a range of topics ranging from Geography to Electronics to Fashion. These flashcards are great if you want to learn English vocabulary for specific topics, as the majority of flashcards come with pictures and sounds to aid your learning. Even if you know English very well, Memrise can help you learn higher-level English, with flashcards covering SAT and GRE English, and more. 2. Duolingo If your first language is not English, and you are confused about where to go first, I suggest Duolingo. Duolingo is a language-learning website that transforms the language-learning process into a game. You are given tasks like matching words to flashcards, picking the most appropriate word for a sentence, writing what you hear, and more, all in your native language. Duolingo will help you take your English abilities in reading, writing, listening, and speaking, to a basic conversational level once you finish the course. From there, you can take the reverse course, translating from English into your native language. The learning never stops at Duolingo. I often find myself redoing the courses to solidify my abilities. 3. Dictionary.com Everyone, at one time or another, needs a dictionary. There are hundreds of thousands of words in the English language and not many people know them all. Everyone, from the most basic of beginners to the more advanced speakers of the English language, should bookmark Dictionary.com for future reference. You never know when you will need to learn what a word means, like hesperidium. Use that in a sentence! 4. Readable.io Sometimes, the best learning happens when we teach ourselves. It is one thing to learn from others, but we can really solidify the lessons learnt by going over our own mistakes, and correcting them. Readable.io checks your typed text for you, highlighting your ease and ability at writing. Using readability scores, text analytics, keyword densities, and sentiment analysis, you can learn where your writing skills are lacking, and how to correct them. This website can be a very valuable tool for the self-taught writer. I used it all throughout school on academic paper drafts. 5. Purdue Online Writing Lab Run by Purdue University, the Purdue Online Writing Lab can teach you how to form grammatically-perfect sentences. Although the website is meant for university-level students, anyone can improve their grammar and abilities in English via the site. You can learn how to improve your general writing abilities, perform better research and cite that research, and more. There is even a section on English as a Second Language. Regardless of your English abilities, you should use this resource if you are performing research of any kind. From grade-school assignments to masters-level citations, any student can benefit from the Purdue Online Writing Lab. 6. Grammarly Sometimes, you just want to check your grammar, sentence by sentence. Grammarly will provide suggestions based on your written input. You can use this website to increase your vocabulary range and your written skills. There are many words in the English language that can confuse even the most ardent of English speakers. I still meet adults today who misuse â€Å"two,† â€Å"too,† and â€Å"to.† Understanding the differences that words can make in the meanings of sentences is vital to improving your English. While Grammarly is not free, it is worth every penny. 7. Upwork While Upwork is not exactly a website where you can learn English, it can help you improve your reading, writing, and speaking abilities by helping you hire a tutor. Upwork is an online marketplace where you can hire individuals to help you with a variety of things. Rates are affordable and each person offering a service has a complete profile with ratings and review from previous clients. For a reasonable price, you can contract an English tutor to speak with you online and help you with your English. They can help improve your conversational English abilities, grade your written English, teach you new concepts in the English language and more. Due to the versatility, affordability, and accessibility of online marketplaces like Upwork, this resource can be one of the most valuable ones you use as you learn English online. Good luck. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and TimesOne Fell SwoopHow Long Should a Synopsis Be?

Balancing work and family Essays

Balancing work and family Essays Balancing work and family Essay Balancing work and family Essay From the really beginning, it is truly of import to understand that work life balance does nt intend to give equal period of clip to the work and household. Work life balance is a wide construct which includes proper prioritising between work and life. Work includes Career, aspirations, work burden, work duties and functions etc. Life includes household, Health, pleasance, religious development, kid attention, household functions and duties etc. Working life includes both, on occupation and off occupation lives of employees within their life-time. Employees off occupation functions and duties should non be ignored as it has immense impact on the work of the employees on occupation. It non merely has impact on work life, but besides has impact on the overall quality of life ( Sambasivan A ; Md-Sidin, 2010 ) . Therefore, any organisation should see employees off occupation issues and work- household struggles. However, no fixed definition has been defined of t he work-life balance. Different research show assorted definitions. Lazar, Osoian, and Ratiu ( 2010 ) specify Work Life balance as a satisfactory degree of engagement or fit between the multiple functions in individual s life. Work life instability may do to emerge assorted issues such as occupation dissatisfaction, less employee engagement, less engagement, less commitment towards organisation, low productiveness, hapless occupation public presentation, employee aggression towards organisation, household struggles and many more. Work life instability is a beginning of occupation dissatisfaction and backdown attitudes within employees ( Hughes A ; Bozionelos, 2005 ) .Thus, work life balance has become important subject of involvement for many organisations. The work life balance is a wide subject of country therefore this literature reappraisal will chiefly concentrate on inquiries like- what is the importance of work life balance? What are the Work life instability effects? What are the assorted current schemes practiced by organisation? What are the barriers while accomplishing work life balance? What are the deductions for Human Resources? The deductions for pull offing people have besides been discussed, based on the research. Importance of Work life balance Many surveies found assorted benefits and advantages of proper work life balance. Bilal, Rehman, and Raza ( 2010 ) suggest that, better work life balance reduces absenteeism, turnover rates and improved occupation satisfaction, working status, work environment, productiveness and public presentation. If there is a work life struggle, it has direct impact on single degree. There are assorted grounds which can do work life instability, such as long and inflexible hours, over work burden, work force per unit area, equal force per unit area, force per unit area from direction, working conditions, work struggles, household struggles etc. Therefore, work life balance has become really important issue for any organisation that should see many things whilst practising work life balance. Work household struggle is associated with employee s burnout, substance issues, mental wellness issues etc. Thus, work life balance is an of import issue for any industry in footings of organisational effect ivity and occupational wellness excessively. One survey besides found that work life balance lead to a more flexible, loyal and motivated work force, which are really of import facets of any organisation s fight ( May A ; Lau, 1998, p. 213 ) . The chief competitory advantage of any organisation are their employees. Work life balance increases employee s trueness towards the organisation. It increases the committedness towards organisation. Work life balance is associated with the mental and psychological wellness of an single employee. Obviously, proper work life balance makes employees happy and satisfied from their work which straight leads to actuate them. For the organisation success, motivated and committed work force is important and a competitory advantage. Proper work life balance makes the work force more motivated, happy, satisfied, and committed and loyal towards the organisation. Effective work life balance pattern leads to cut down absenteeism and lateness within employees. It improves the overall productiveness. By supplying proper work life balance to the employees, it will assist to enroll and pull more endowments from the endowment pool and it besides enhances the organisation image and becomes the employer of pick. Furthermore, work life balance increases keeping of staff employees and reduces turnover rates. Work life balance has assorted advantages to the employees every bit good as it reduces occupation emphasis and additions occupation satisfaction.The assorted benefits of work life balance are as follows ( May A ; Lau, 1998, p. 213 ) . Benefits to organisation Benefits to Employees Beginning: Lazar, Osoian, and Ratiu ( 2010 ) Work Life Imbalance Consequences Low productiveness One of the work life instability effects is a low productiveness. Body of research which includes, studies, surveies and literatures, clearly supports that there is a relationship between work-life balance and the productiveness. Quality of work life balance influences the productiveness of employees. It has been found that higher quality of work life balance encouragement productiveness. Long on the job hours are mark of lost in productiveness and efficiency ( Fenton, 2007 ) . Work life instabilities addition concern cost. A study conducted in Hong Kong, indicates that employees work an mean 51 hours/week which is 25 per centum higher than the maximal on the job hours set by the International Labour Organisation. The consequence of this survey shows that a 3rd of respondents said their productiveness has been affected due to long on the job hours and therefore these were doing them many wellness jobs. Therefore, flexible working agreements has become really common in many industries , which has been subsequently on discussed in this literature reappraisal. Similarly, one study has conducted in UK and 597 working parents were used as a sample for the survey. Lazar et Al. ( 2010 ) suggest that this survey investigated a correlativity between self-related productiveness, flexibleness and satisfaction with work life balance, and between satisfaction with work life balance and employee enjoyment. Beginning: Lazar, Osoian, and Ratiu ( 2010 ) The above figure demonstrates the relationship between work-life balance and the productiveness. It clearly indicates that if employees are really satisfied with their work-life balance so their productiveness degree is 42 % . The productiveness degree lessenings if they are less satisfied with their work-life balance Job dissatisfaction and backdown attitudes Employees, who have instability between work and household, are enduring from occupation satisfaction. One survey found that there is a strong positive relationship between work household struggle and occupation dissatisfaction ( Hughes A ; Bozionelos, 2005 ) . Employees, who have work household struggle, are more disgruntled from their work and more likely to discontinue the occupation. Harmonizing to this survey consequences, there is a clear relationship between work household instability and their backdown attitudes including high turnover and non echt ill absence. Organizational committedness Another effect of work life instability has found is organisational committedness. Work life Imbalance may take to diminish the employee s committedness towards the organisation. One survey was conducted to look into the relationship between work household struggle and the organisational committedness within the Malayan houses. This survey found that there is a positive relationship between work life struggle and the organisational committedness ( Daud, 2010 ) . Those employees, who have a higher degree of work household balance, have strong degree of organisational committedness. Those employees, who have more work household struggle shows lower degree of organisational committedness. Job public presentation Quality of work life balance has impact on employee s mental wellness and their occupation satisfaction. Therefore, it has indirect or direct impact on the employee s public presentation excessively. One survey investigates the relationship between quality of work life balance and occupation public presentation by utilizing questionnaires to study. 475 directors have been used as a sample in Malaysia. The consequences of this survey show that there is a positive relationship between work life balance and occupation public presentation. The consequences and grounds of this survey shows that work life balance is an of import factor like others that has direct or indirect impact in finding the public presentation of employees such as occupation satisfaction, committedness. It besides indicates that it has besides impact on the employees creativeness, invention and committedness in footings of their occupation ( Beh A ; Rose, 2007 ) . This diary shows how quality of work life influence s any single occupation public presentation. Furthermore, deductions for organisation have besides been discussed in this literature. QWL is found to significantly cut down absenteeism, minor accidents and discontinuing. Quality of life Md-Sidin, Sambasivan, and Ismail ( 2008 ) suggest that, work life struggle has a relationship with the quality of life. Quality of life includes quality of work life and quality of non-work life. This conducted to look into in Malayan houses, to associate the work household struggles with the quality of life as a whole. This survey found that the work-family struggle has a important negative relationship with the quality of work, quality of non-work and quality of life as a whole. This survey found that Quality of work life and quality of non work life has a strong positive relationship with the quality of life. Furthermore, the consequences of this survey indicate that the work household struggle has a strongest relationship with the quality of work life. Therefore, it is rather clear that the work household influence an person s personal life and working life and the quality of life as a whole. Work life balance schemes Lazar et Al. ( 2010 ) suggest that it is truly of import that the Work-life balance patterns should see as a strategic human resource direction determinations that can interpret into improved single and organisation public presentation. Due to demographic and workplace alterations, work-life balance patterns becomes more complex and strategic. For case, more adult females are coming in work force. Whist, implementing work-life balance schemes, an organisation should see many things such as work force alterations, workplace alterations, organisation size and civilization etc. An organisation should implement assorted schemes in order to implement the work life balance pattern to better its overall Quality of Work life. There is a broad scope of pattern that an organisation can implement such as flexi clip, compressed work hebdomads, telecommuting, portion clip work, occupation sharing, on side kid attention installation, parental leave etc. Furthermore, the organisation may supply ass orted installations and benefits to the employees such as wellness insurance for employee and dependent, assorted plans or services such as gym or yoga Centre, which improves employee s mental and physical wellness, assorted plans that supports their kids s instruction etc. Such patterns are discussed as bellowed. Flexi clip Flexi clip allows employees to find their start and finish clip. They are more flexible to their starting and finishing clip. Flexi clip pattern allows employees to concentrate on their household or personal life. This can let them to run into their societal committednesss and exigencies and let them to react to the predictable or unpredictable fortunes. This strategy can implement by assorted ways such as the employer may let employees to flexible timing. For instance.. Arrive for work between 7:00 am to 10:00am Lunch interruption between 12:00pm to 2:00pm ( flexible tiffin hr ) Leave between 5:00pm to 6:30pm The hours an employee work between these timings can recognition to that employee s peculiar history. Many strategies besides allow employees to recognition or debit borders. For blink of an eyes, if employees are supposed to work 50 hours per hebdomad and he/she really worked merely 40hours, so he/she will owe the employer 10 hours. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.borer.co.uk/pages/case_studies/flexitime.shtml ) . Telecommuting Lazar et Al. ( 2010 ) suggest that telecommuting allows employees to make some of the work from at place, instead than merely at office. Many organisations practising Telecommuting , as it is going really common these yearss. This gives an advantage to employees to equilibrate between their work and their personal life. This pattern can besides gives benefits to the employees such as cut down emphasis degree, let them to work in more comfy environment, cut down going costs and transposing clip and it is besides clip effectual as it reduces the traveling clip. This pattern is besides called as telework . By supplying these installations to the employees, they are more likely to work efficaciously and it will better their productiveness. However, there are besides such issues. The organisation may be concerned by the initial implement costs. Furthermore, it is besides hard to oversee the employees as they will be working at place. This pattern may impact the commitment degree of emp loyees towards the organisation. Compressed work hebdomads The strategy of Compressed work hebdomads , allows employees to work longer hours in a displacement and in exchange they can acquire a twenty-four hours off and cut down their figure of working yearss. For case, they work more hours in a hebdomad to acquire twenty-four hours off in a following hebdomad. This allows employees to acquire yearss off, so that they can pass more clip with their households. This allows employees to acquire long weekend or mini holiday. Again, it besides depends on the organisation civilization and size. For case, this pattern can work efficaciously where employees ca nt afford to cut down the working hours, but want to cut down the figure of working yearss in a hebdomad. This can be besides good for organisation in order to maximise production, better operational efficiency or constitutions of longer working hours that can supply good client service. Part clip work Part clip work improves skill development and allows employees to acquire some experience in their field. It will be good for employees with the wellness job or disable. Those employees who have had career interruptions can besides re enter in to the work force. For illustration, female parents who stayed at place to raise their kids. Lazar et Al. ( 2010 ) suggest that organisation benefits include it gives a flexible work force to an organisation, it besides helps to maximise the usage of Human resources. Job sharing It allows employee to portion their occupation. Two or more employees can work at the same clip on one undertaking. This pattern can be suited to a workplace where chances for portion clip occupations or other agreements are limited. There are assorted benefits of occupation sharing like it besides gives to employees more clip for other committednesss. It besides improves the development of partnership. The bonding between employees can go strong and employees can larn from each other. It besides improves staff keeping and it besides increases the productiveness as it combines broad scope of accomplishments, cognition and experiences in a individual occupation. Barriers while accomplishing Work life balance Managerial support Managerial support required for any organisation in order to implement a successful work life balance pattern. Directors play an of import function in order to better work household schemes, because their place has a really immense influence on employees to promote or deter. If director is more enthusiastic and supportive, so the employees are more willing to accept the work life balance pattern. The director must understand an single individual s issues to supply echt concerns. Some organisations are really much concern about managerial support in order to implement successful work-life balance schemes. For case, in organisation called Napp Pharmaceutical , all directors are expected to retrieve names of every worker at the production degree, their family name, their spouses name and their personal issues. This enables them to be more apprehensible and supportive to their employees ( McCartney, 2002, p. 36 ) . Career effect Lazar et Al. ( n.d. ) suggest that, successful execution of work life balance pattern can increase in organisation committedness, but merely those employees who felt free to utilize this pattern without any fright of calling harm. An American saloon association studies that although 95 % of the American houses have portion clip employment chance, merely 3 % of attorneies are utilizing it due fright of calling harm. Organizational clip outlook Another barrier in implementing the work life policies is the organisation outlook of the Numberss of hours employees are expected to work. For case, does the organisation let employees to take work at place? Many surveies found that long on the job hours refers as organisation committedness, success, productiveness and motive. Lazar et Al. ( n.d. ) suggest that, Fortune 100 company in the concluded that If one has to win, one has to be at work, one has to be at that place for long hours and one has to continuously perpetrate to work as a top precedence. Colleague s support One of the barriers of work life patterns is co worker s support. Many surveies suggest that workers who use of work life patterns are enduring negative perceptual experience from colleagues and supervisors. Workers who use work life balance patterns frequently fear from the negative perceptual experience from their colleagues or supervisors. Colleagues and supervisors may believe that the individual who is utilizing work life balance patterns, holding low degree of organisational committedness. Due to this perceptual experience from colleagues or supervisors, employees who use the work-life balance pattern frequently think that it will impact on their working calling such as, farther publicity chances or wagess like inducements or salary addition. Deductions for HRM Traditionally the HR attack to Work life balance is to back up employees in day-to-day work life issues and challenges, and supply advice to them. But HR approach these yearss is truly different and became more strategic. Human resources play an of import function in order to implement successful execution of work household balance schemes. There are assorted deductions for human resources. HR must develop appropriate policies for the on the job environment, which best tantrum with the pattern of work household balance. HR must develop such policies and implement those policies. HR must guarantee that those work life balance policies are invariably revised and reappraisals. They besides formalized, work household balance pattern are the portion of continues public presentation direction system or procedure ( Akdere, 2006 ) . In add-on of implementing policies, preparation and development besides supports to heighten the quality of household work balance pattern. It is truly of import that the HR should supply preparation and development to the employees in footings of work life balance. Furthermore, HR must develop a strong, appropriate and effectual enlisting and keeping system. They must enroll single whose values closely match with the civilization of the organisation. For illustration, If the Human resource direction at the enlisting degree, is non sing the work life balance patterns while enrolling employees, so the work life balance pattern will non be effectual to those employees whose values and belief is non fiting with the needed values of the work life balance pattern. Furthermore, communicating is besides of import in order to implement better work household schemes. HR must supply advice and preparation and development to their employees. It is truly of import that the current work force of the administration should cognize about the administration s policies and schemes. Employees should hold cognition of the current policies of work life balance. HR should guarantee that employees have a proper cognition and information of the work life balance policies. If the employees have a good cognition and information sing policies of work life balance, so they will be more supportive. Therefore, it is truly of import that the HR must pass on the policies to the employees ( McCartney, 2002, p. 37 ) . The HR attack towards work life balance is depends on many things like organizational construction, organisation s policies, organisation civilization etc. It may besides differ in different states as Work life balance is non the same in one state or one industry. Human resource direction should see such issues emerge from work life balance pattern, in footings of pull offing people. Changing Workforce Changing work force is one of the chief deductions that HR may hold to confront and should non be ignored. The work force is altering and going more diverse. The Numberss of adult females workers are increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. More adult females are come ining into the industry. These alterations in work force must be considered by the Human Resource direction. The issues of work life balance has gained new dimension, in that it involves such facets of gender, work and household dealingss, gendered clip, etc. For case, harmonizing to the white paper issued by the Australia Human Resource Institute, the current Australia work force is altering quickly. There are younger Asiatic Australia come ining in to the work force and going major portion at the workplace. Equally far as workplace is concern, the Asiatic civilization could be different. They are like more relationship oriented ( White Paper , 2010, p.42 ) . HR should see these work force alterations while implementing Work Life balance patterns. All these facets have impact on issues such as staff keeping, employee motive, portion clip works, long working hours, and leave from work for particular occasions. All the household responsibilities including kid attention are still more likely a adult females s duty. Furthermore, the household construction is besides altering. These alterations in household construction, manners of work and adult females s duty such as kid attention, have a meaning impact on the organisation.

Shape Memory Alloy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Shape Memory Alloy - Essay Example This hypothesis shall be verified during research[1,2]. The research work will be referred from journals and academic libraries. The research and development by the scientists on this metallurgy shall be revealed and explored through journals and research papers. The references o experiments shall be provided; it is on record that several experiments have been conducted to verify that SMA materials reversible solid state transformation. The experiments shall be referred to verify the composition of the alloys in SMA, the transformation temperature of the material is controlled and determined by the composition, manufacturing process, and physical conditions [4]. The findings of the impact, hardness and non-destructive testing shall be captured in the paper; these materials have the property to sustain significant bending and torsion-al forces. It has observed that these material tend to seize when establishing contact with other materials; these materials therefore exhibit high co-efficient. However such characteristics are essential for security surveillance at airports to firmly confirm the type and nature of material being transported. These materials have good life, and are resistant against corrosion.

Immigration and Asylum Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Immigration and Asylum Law - Essay Example In Singh it was held members states were not entitled to apply their own national immigration laws so that an alien worker from another member state who legitimately exercised the right of free movement of workers in another member state. If national laws could be applied, workers who were EU nationals could not avail themselves of the right to freely move and work within the EU.5 The UK’s European Communities Act 1972 as amended by the European Union Act 2008 (hereinafter EC Act) ensures that the UK cannot apply its immigration policies and laws in a way that compromises the EU’s law relative to facilitating the free movement of workers within the EU. ... Article 8 provides for respect for one’s family and private life.7 Article 14 of the Convention provides that confers upon minors the right to Convention rights and forbids discriminatory treatment on the grounds of nationality.8 The Convention rights became a part of UK law by virtue of the Human Rights Act 1998, Section 1.9 Moreover, Section 2 of the Human Rights Act 1998 directs UK courts to interpret national laws in a way that gives effect to Convention rights.10 Therefore the effects of Articles 8 and 14 on the UK’s immigration policies were observed in Zhu and Chen. In this case it was obvious that a pregnant Chinese mother deliberately immigrated to the UK with the intention that her unborn child would be born in the UK and obtain the right to remain in the UK in the long term. However it was held that, only in extraordinary circumstances would a national exercising the rights of free movement of workers in the EU would be regarded as an abuse of the law. If the acquisition of those rights were conducted in ways that were legitimate it would not be regarded as an abuse of the laws.11 The ECHR can also compromise the UK’s decision to deport illegal immigrants. Guiraudon and Lahav explain that by virtue of Articles and 8 of the ECHR, immigrants can challenge deportation orders by member states.12 As observed, Article 8 relates to protection of private and family life. Article 3 relates to protection from cruel and unusual treatment and punishment. In this regard, Article 8 may be successful in challenging an expulsion order where the adult subject to a deportation order has a child in the UK or a member state who was born in the host state. By applying Article 8, the ECJ previously ruled against the execution of an expulsion

The Agritourism Potential For Rural Development Tourism Essay

The Agritourism Potential For Rural Development Tourism Essay Development is critical and essential to the sustenance and growth of any nation. The main goal of each and every country is to reach overall development of the country. The term development encompasses the need and the means by which to provide better lives for people in a country. It includes not only economic growth, although that is crucial, but also human development providing health, nutrition, education, and a clean environment. However, in executing development is a complex issue and the basic perspective of it is equates development with economic growth. According to the United Nations Development Programme (2009) development is to lead long and healthy lives, to be knowledgeable, to have access to the resources needed for a decent standard of living and to be able to participate in the life of the community. Gboyega (2003) captures development as an idea that embodies all attempts to improve the conditions of human existence in all ramifications. It implies improvement in material well being of all citizens, not the most powerful and rich alone, in a sustainable way such that todays consumption does not imperil the future, it also demands that poverty and inequality of access to the good things of life be removed or drastically reduced. It seeks to improve personal physical security and livelihoods and expansion of life chances.Thus, development aims at improving important aspects of peoples lives such as livelihood, security, environmental, physical and mental well being. Enhance in knowledge, experience and resources is helped people to build a better life. The goal of development is to expand the capabilities of people to live the lives they choose to lead (Amartya Sen 1999). It is most appropriately defined with their active participation. Development is different from growth. It has broader and deeper meanings. Economic growth is necessary but not sufficient condition for development and hence it can be viewed as a multi-dimensional phenomenon. The major dimensions of it include the level of economic growth, standards of education, quality of housing, level of health, distribution of goods and services, and access to communication (World Bank, 2005). Ingredients for development and economic growth are capital formation, human resources, natural resources, and technology/entrepreneurship. Capital formation is essential to invest in sectors with high economic output, saving capital, investing in infrastructure creates jobs directly and indirectly by attracting investors. Human resources are a key to development in any country. There is need to develop a mechanism to address lack of health facilities, lack of education, poverty, malnutrition, and disease. Human resource development is important if people are to make use of ICT for development. Natural resources are crucial in development. Development activities need to be harnessed more of their natural resources. It is imperative that they should improve farming techniques and develop better land ownership methods. Technology and entrepreneurship are important to developing countries to improve the know-how and know-what. Openness to ideas is important if any economy is to develop. The formation of regional and international blocks encourages technology and entrepreneurship. Development should be a sustainable long-term condition for humanitys multidimensional well-being. It has been clearly explained in the Rio Declaration, adopted by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992, held in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil as; Human beings are at the center of concern for sustainable development. They are entitled to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature. Sustainable development could probably be otherwise called equitable and balanced, meaning that, in order for development to continue indefinitely, it should balance the interests of different groups of people, within the same generation and among generations, and do so simultaneously in three major interrelated areas-economic, social, and environmental. Sustainable development is about equity, defined as equality of opportunities for well-being, as well as about comprehensiveness of objectives. Not all the countries in the world have same level of development. While developed countries have reached higher level of development or standard of living due to better standards in their societies, developing countries have faced several issues and challenges along their way towards development. Developed countries are countries whose lives are patterned industry and have some specific characteristics like higher level of average per capita income, level of education, life expectancy of the population and also low level of population growth rate and death rate. Life style is based on the market economy and economic activities are mostly related with industry sector as well as export oriented. Furthermore, majority of the population lives in cities and there is relatively higher level of health of the population. Countries that have Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.788 or over are in the category of developed countries. According to the IMF index of HDI released in 2011, there are 47 countries in the top quartile and classified as possessing a Very high human development. On the other hand several common negative characteristics can be seen among developing countries as well. These are preventing the development of those countries. Low levels of living are manifested qualitatively and quantitatively in form of low incomes, inadequate housing, poor health, limited or no education, high infant mortality, low life and work expectancy, and in many cases, a general sense of malaise and hopelessness are some of them. Moreover, low levels of productivity in many areas like labour productivity, agriculture or farm productivity. In addition, low level of industrial development, high unemployment, small domestic market, small amount of disposable income and uneven regional development, problems in institutional changes in land tenure, credit and banking structures, honest and efficient administrations and the restructuring of educational and training. Most of the developing countries possess high population growth potential characterized by high birth rate and high but declining death rate. Rural development in developing countries Rural development is an integral part of the national development of a country. Rural development actions are mainly and mostly to development aim for the social and economic development of the rural areas (Chigbu, 2012). Especially in developing countries, very high emphasis has been given to rural development, aiming to gain equitable and balance development throughout the country. Rural Development which is concerned with economic growth and social justice, improvement in the living standard of the rural people by providing adequate and quality social services and minimum basic needs becomes essential. The present strategy of rural development mainly focuses on poverty alleviation, better livelihood opportunities, provision of basic amenities and infrastructure facilities through innovative programs of wage and self-employment. Rural development generally refers to the process of improving the quality of life and economic wellbeing of people living in relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas (Malcolm, 2003). Although rural development has traditionally centered on the exploitation of land-intensive natural resources such as agriculture and forestry, due to changes in global production networks and increased urbanization have changed the character of rural areas. Increasingly tourism, niche manufacturers, and recreation have replaced resource extraction and agriculture as dominant economic drivers (Neil and David, 2009). The need for rural communities to approach development from a wider perspective has created more focus on a broad range of development goals rather than merely creating incentive for agricultural or resource based businesses. Education, entrepreneurship, physical infrastructure, and social infrastructure all play an important role in developing rural regions (Conn, 1996). Rural devel opment is also characterized by its emphasis on locally produced economic development strategies (Malcolm, 2003). Furthermore, rural development aims at finding the ways to improve the rural lives with participation of the rural people themselves so as to meet the required need of the rural area. As such, general people themselves have to participate in their sustainable rural development. When rural development is concerned, in one point of view it can be explained as the development consists of a wide variety of new activities such as the production of high quality and region specific products, nature conservation and landscape management, agritourism and the development of short supply chains (Knickel Renting, 2000). These new activities in rural areas mean new income sources to local people. Therefore it is believed that, doing diversification and utilizing multi-functionality of agriculture and formation of agritourism can be used as a strategy to enhance rural development. Rural Development and national development in developing countries In developing countries, the  rural development is one of the most important factors for the growth of the national economy. Desai (2009) has recorded Rural Development is an important segment of national development. Developing countries are primarily agriculture-based countries and majority of the population are in rural areas. Agriculture contributes for a significant share of the gross domestic product (GDP) of those countries. Agriculture, mining, forestry, handicrafts, fisheries, poultry, diary and rural tourism are the primary contributors to the rural business and economy of developing countries. However, in many developing countries sufficient amount of investment in rural sector doesnt take place (United nation, 2011). The rural sector is not able to contribute its full potential for the national development. For example, in the Asia-Pacific region in many cases governments implement national development strategies, including fiscal and trade policies, which are biased against agriculture and the rural sector in general. These policies are seriously affecting the livelihoods and entrepreneurial development of small agricultural producers, the landless and other producers in rural areas (United nation, 2011). As a consequence of the biased policies and budget allocations government institutions in most countries concerned have been unable to effectively promote agriculture and rural development through the provision of timely and adequate social and production services in rural areas making lesser contribution for the national development (FAO, 2008) Not only in Asia-Pacific this problem exists in other regions of the world as well. The countries of Latin America and the Caribbean need to invest more and better in rural communities as their economic contribution to national development is twice as large as officially believed, according to a new World Bank report released recently. The report evaluates the effects of the rural sector on national growth, poverty reduction, and environmental degradation both in rural areas and the rest of the economy, as well as the public policies that can enhance its contribution to overall national development (Viveros and Morrison 2005). A study of Onyemelukwe (1981) on the assessment of the performances of the rural sector of the typical African country Nigeria in national development contexts has found out the critical role of the sector and the system effects of inadequate equipment of the sector for such role. The Nigerian situation is used to illustrate the prospects and the problems of th e rural sector in most African countries. Rural sector in Sri Lanka is mainly consisted of farming community. The agriculture sector is the cornerstone in Sri Lankas economy with more than 70% of the population living in rural areas depending on agriculture for their livelihoods. Currently this sector contributes to about 18% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 30% of the employment (Central bank of Sri Lanka, 2011).  Therefore, without taking into consideration agricultural development, we cant even imagine rural development in this country. What is Agritourism? In general, agriourism is the practice of attracting travelers or visitors to an area or areas used primarily for agricultural purposes. In particular, it refers to farm enterprises and community events that showcase the activities and produce of rural families and the agricultural heritage of farming regions to travelers. Agritourism provides rural experiences to travelers with the goal of generating revenues for farmers and surrounding communities. These experiences typically include a wide range of attractions and activities that take place in agricultural areas. Important ingredients of agritourisms rural experiences include open spaces, low levels of urban or industrial development, and opportunities for visitors to directly experience agricultural, pastoral, and natural environments. Moreover, agritourism is a type of rural tourism. It is a combination of two complex industries; agriculture and tourism, to open up alternative income sources for the farmers as well as surrounding community (Wicks and Merrett, 2003). Brscic (2006) has explained agritourism as a special form of tourism which takes place within the family farm that symbolizes a specific form of business, giving a number of benefits to the families involved, with multiple impacts on the socio-economic relations and the space in rural areas. It is a form of farm diversification aiming some benefits from exiting farm resources. Agritourism can be also explained as an activity, enterprise or business that combines primary elements and characteristics of agriculture and tourism and provides an experience for visitors that stimulates economic activity and impacts both farm and community income. Relationship between agritourism and rural development Several research findings in many developed countries have shown that agritourism as a possible rural development strategy. For example, Haghiri and Okech (2011) discovered role of the agritourism in developing the economy of rural areas in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. According to Demirbas Topcu (2009), agritourism is a new element for rural development in Turkey. Agritourism as an effective vehicle for rural development in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan (Dernoi, 2002; Weaver and Fennell, 1998). Study of Hightower (2011) recorded that Agritourism is being used as a catalyst for additional income and triggering economic growth in rural areas. Disez, (1999) revealed that agritourism represents and innovative activity taking place within the framework of rural development in Massif Central region in France. In Romania, agritourism is the best way for the preservation of traditions and customs in the rural areas, supplying a sustainable rural development (Mo rtan, 2006). In some countries like Italy, Spain, Greece, Austria, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Ireland and Norway it is a growing sector with the policies of the governments aiming to benefit from it as a regional development instrument (DemirtaÃ…Å ¸ Topcu, 2007; Frater, 1983). Rural tourism provides many benefits to local areas by bringing visitors to the region, increasing awareness for agricultural products and showcasing produce to the local and regional community. It can also provide incentives for local heritage and conservation groups to preserve unique heritage landscapes and built heritage. Most studies have highlighted the multiple benefits that agritourism brings to the farm, local communities, agriculture heritage and natural resources (Fleischer and Pizam, 1997; Busby and Rendle, 2000; Ventura and Milone, 2000; Sharpley, 2002; Wicks and Merrett, 2003; Hegarty and Przezbà ³rska, 2005; Fleischer and Tchetchik, 2005; Mitchell and De Waal, 2009). Agritourism Research conducted in developing countries A small number of researches have been conducted in some developing countries in Asia. Mayasia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, and India are examples of such countries. When South Asian countries are concerned, the number of research is very few. India is the country leading in agritourism in this region. According to Tiraieyari and Hamzah (2011) in Malaysia, there are potential benefits of agritourism for farmers and local communities in general. It further indicated that  agritourism as an economic development instrument has great potential to contribute to rural development as Malaysia is one of the tourist countries with great potential to develop agritourism. As per the Council of Agriculture (COA) of Taiwan, after registering a decline of 1.9% of GDP in 2001, 173 Farms were established for tourism and this created huge impact in the development of rural areas of Taiwan such as chi-ching and Shwei-Li in Nantou County (Murangwa, 2010) A study on agritourism in Thailand notes that agritourism can utilize the agricultural holdings and products for the purpose of tourism such as scenery from paddy fields and vineyards, food and drink from agricultural products (vegetable, fruit, etc), souvenirs from local products (handicraft), and accommodations from redundant or vacated property to gain local development in area (Cynthiaord, 2012). As reported by the South East Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), in Manila Philippines, agritourism could be a nichà © tourism product that would help improve farm incomes provided a well-planned program is put in place. It will consolidate initiatives in agriculture and tourism sectors nationwide that contributed to poverty reduction, natural resources management, and rural development. (Aguiba, 2012) A research in Chitwan District in Nepal found out the importance of agritourism for the rural development in Nepal. Agritourism is the concept of diverting the tourists to those rural areas, where there is range of agricultural activities, services and amenities provided by farmers and rural people attract both internal as well as international tourists in order to generate extra income for their business. The living standard of the farmers and rural poor can be raised by identifying high value-low volume crops, which have comparative advantages and by optimally utilizing the available resources for sustainable development (Maharjan, 2008). However, the available literature evidence that our neighboring country India has engaged in agritourism successfully. According to the research on Agritourism the potential for sustainable development and growth aiming to explore the scope for developing agritourism in India has been conducted by Raghunandan et al.,(2010). This research has conc luded that there is potential for Agritourism in India to grow into an important source of income for the rural population if the development is focused on integration and participation. Furthermore, Agritourism has been identified as a source of generation of alternative income for farmers and local community, employment opportunities, reduction of gender bias and accelerate growth rate by Chadda and Bhakare (2010) based on their research on Socio-Economic Implications of Agritourism in India. Agritourism in Sri Lanka Evidence on only one study related to agritourism and rural development of Sri Lanka was found as a result of the vigorous literature search during the study. One study is the research conducted by Senanayaka and Wimalaratna (2010) about agritourism and rural development in Sri Lanka with special reference to Nuwara Eliya District. They have found that the economic problems as well as development potentials remain in agricultural areas side by side in the country. Only a small fraction of the vast rural agritourism resource base is being utilized by the industry now with little or no benefits to rural people. Dedicated research work on agritourism will promote the sector with the participation of policy makers, rural communities and private investors on a sustainable manner while trickling down a reasonable fraction of the benefits to the rural people. This would diversify their agricultural livelihoods and improve their income and living standards. As per the literature review, agritourism in most of the countries has a short history and it is at the developing stage (Maumbe, 2012; Choo, 2012; Bernardo et al., 2007). Several countries have the research findings mainly based on preliminary research and pilot studies. Therefore, there is definitely a need for future research to verify the preliminary findings of these researches especially in developing countries. Moreover, several researchers have shown that agritourism has lots of strengths and opportunities for the improvement of rural areas and rural development. However, those researches have been conducted in specific condition which is unique to that particular country itself. Therefore, generalization of the findings to other countries is not so valid specially, for developing countries having lots of variations in geographical, political, socio-economical and environmental conditions. Not only the differences among the developing countries, there are several regional lev el differences even within a country. Furthermore, in a country, rural areas are different from each other. Thus, testing the level of contribution of agritourism for the rural development at provincial level is the best way to identify the real potential of it. Since a very few number of research have been conducted at provincial level in developing countries, there is a need for lots of research of this kind. Even though in Sri Lanka there may be a potential in this regard, no sufficient research have been conducted in this field. Therefore, this kind of research is highly important. Problem statement Sri Lanka is a developing country and there is a need to enhance the living condition of the people by developing the total economy of the country. There is a gradual, but comparatively slow increase in GDP in the country for several years (Figure1.1). Figure 1.1: Improvement of the GDP from 2002 to 2012 in Sri Lanka Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka, 2012 Sri Lanka tourism has contributed to the growth of total economy for several years. However, due to exist civil war during 2008-2009, tourism had being faced a declining trend. Along with ending the war in 2009, tourism industry restated to flourish and contribute for the national economy significantly. As a result, by now it is one of the main contributors of the national income of the country and expects to have further growth in future. The direct contribution of Travel Tourism to GDP in 2011 was LKR219.7bn (3.4% of GDP). This is forecast to rise by 5.6% to LKR232.0bn in 2012.This primarily reflects the economic activity generated by industries such as hotels, travel agents, airlines and other passenger transportation services (excluding commuter services). The direct contribution of travel tourism to GDP is expected to grow by 5.7% per annum to LKR402.4bn (3.4% of GDP) by 2022 (Figure 1.2). Figure 1.2: Contribution of travel and tourism to GDP from 2002 to 2022. Source: World Travel and Tourism council, 2012 Moreover, travel tourism generated 236,500 jobs directly in 2011 (3.0% of total employment) and this is forecast to grow by 0.2% in 2012 to 237,000 (3.0% of total employment). This includes employment by hotels, travel agents, airlines and other passenger transportation services (excluding commuter services). It also includes, for example, the activities of the restaurant and leisure industries directly supported by tourists. By 2022, travel tourism will account for 293,000 jobs directly, an increase of 2.2% per annum over the next ten years (Figure 1.3). Figure1.3: Travel and tourisms contribution to employment opportunities from 2011 to 2022 Source: World Travel and Tourism council, 2012 Rural sector performs a significant contribution for the national development in the country. About 70 percent of Sri Lankas population lives in its rural areas. In rural areas, main sectors that are helping for rural development are agriculture, forestry, fisheries, mining, art and craft and rural tourism. Among these sectors, the most important one is agriculture. A large number of people in the rural sector engaged mainly in agriculture and allied activities. Agriculture sector can generate regionally equitable economic growth, rural livelihood improvement, and food security through efficient production of commodities for consumption for agro-based industries. Since agriculture sector has multi-functionality, it can link with other sectors like tourism and form new opportunities for local and regional development. Considering the experience of other developing countries in Asia, it can be assumed that there will be a potential for agritourism for the rural development in Sri Lanka. Therefore, this study will answer the question does agritourism represent a significant and viable rural development tool in Sri Lanka? 1.3 Objectives of the study The broad objective of this research is to explore the potential of agritourism for rural development in Sri Lanka with special reference to demand and supply issues. Specific objectives of this research are: To find out the current supply of agritourism in the country. To study the government policy interventions in tourism and agritourism sector of the country. To identify and assess the visitors needs and satisfaction of agritourism of the country. To find out the local residents attitude towards impacts of agritourism economic and contribution of agritourism for rural development. To find out the government officials attitude towards impact of agritourism to the rural development in the country and also national and provincial level support to the development of agritourism as a sector of rural development. To recommend ways and strategies to development of agritourism in Sri Lanka as a sector of rural development. 1.4 Conceptual Framework The aim of this research is to study the agritourism and its contribution for the rural development in the country. The main stakeholders of agritourism are agritourism providers, visitors, local residents and the government. Figure1.4 shows the relationship of the stakeholder in agritourism and how agritourism links with rural development. Agritourism providers supply the agritourism. They can be farmers, private sector companies or organizations. Agritourism supply can be conducted by adding tourism activities to the existing farm and arranging facilities for the visitors to come to the farm, see those activities and get some knowledge about them, spend leisure time at the farm. In supply agritourism three things are important. Things to see (farm animals, fruits, vegetables, Herbal plants) activities to do (feeding animals, milking cows, harvesting crops, climbing trees, picking fruits, threshing paddy) and farm products to buy (yogurts, curds, fruits, vegetable, jam jelly). Visitors can be local or foreign people those who are ready to buy the agritourism services. They make demand for agritourism. They come to visit the farm to see things, get a rest, enjoy farm activities and sometimes study on farming, Farm stay for few days, visit surrounding villages, buy local art and craft items, see cultural shows perform by local people and pay for the farm goods and services they consumed. In this way agritourism provider can earn extra income and other returns from agritourism which is the main aim of providing agritourism. Improvement of the level of income and living standard of the agritourism providers (especially farmers) is the main aspects of agritourism business. Other important point regarding agritourism is the presence of other tourism attractions in the area. Other tourism attractions can act as a motivational factor for visiting the agritourism operation. Moreover, proper government interference through correct rules and regulations are essential to operate the agritourism industry smoothly. Also, on the way, visitors can buy local products of nearby local residents, can visit other interesting places in the village like religious places, cultural sites, national parks, forests, waterfalls, traditional festivals, folk games. In this way, visitors can interact with local residents of the area. These interactions create economic, social-cultural and environmental that impacts for the rural development of the area. Furthermore, local residents can sell their products and labour to agritourism operation and earn some money. Enhancement of the level of income and living standard of local residents are the other aim of agritourism along the way to rural development. The other important factor is the government attitude towards agritourism and intervention to rural areas where agritourism operations are available. Especially provincial and local level governments have responsibility to enhance the condition of the area up to a good stand making it suitable for conducting tourism activities. So that, provision of infrastructure facilities such as road system, transport facilities, water, electricity, telecommunication to the area have to be taken place. Not only that, banking facilities, safety and security, medical facilities for the area are also needed to be provided. In this way, provisions of infrastructure facilities directly help for the rural develop of the area. Other Tourism Attractions of the Area -Mass tourism -Ecotourism -Nature tourism Agritourism Rural Development Other Sectors of Rural Development -Forestry, -Fisheries, -Mining, -Art and craft etc. National Development Visitors Demand and Supply of Agritourism Local Residence Government Policy -National Level -Provincial Level -Local Level Impacts of Agritourism Agritourism providers -Economic -Socio-cultural -Environmental Local Residents -Economic -Socio-cultural -Environmental Agritourism Providers Private Sector Medium and Large Scale Companies Local Foreign Farmers Figure 1.4 Conceptual Framework of the Study 1. 5 Scope and Limitations of the Study This study has covered important aspects such as the supply of agritourism (number of destinations, scale of operation, available facilities, number of visitors, length of stay etc). Demand for agritourism (demographic information of visitors, nature of their demand, visitors satisfaction towards agritourism, demand function) information of local residents (impacts of agritourism on them, their attitudes towards agritourism development) and policies related to agritourism development in the country. Agritourism is a business process. However, aspects like establishment, management, development, improvement, marketing and promotion of the operations are beyond the scope of this study. There were few limitations in this research. This is a small-scale research conducted at local level with four types of stakeholder; operators, visitor, local residents and government officials within only few districts without the whole country. In terms of operators, some financial analysis like benefit cost ratio, IRR of agritourism etc., could not be done as they did not want to disclose financial information d